Sierra Leone is bounded on the northwest, north, and northeast by the Republic of Guinea, southeast by the Republic of Liberia, and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 27,925 square miles. The colony of Sierra Leone originated in the sale and cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of land intended as a home for African settlers who were waifs in London. Later, it was used as a settlement for formerly enslaved Africans. The hinterland was declared a British Protectorate on 21st August 1896.
Sierra Leone attained independence on 27 April 1961 and became a Republic in 1971. Both private and state-sponsored schools provide education. The current education system is 6-3-4-4 (six years of Primary school, three years of Junior Secondary School, four years of Senior Secondary School, and four years of tertiary/higher education). This system is complemented by non-formal education.
Education is frequently used in the sense of instruction in the classroom, laboratory, workshop, or domestic science room and consists principally of the imparting by the teacher, the acquisition by pupils, information, and mental and manual skills. A wider meaning than instruction is that of schooling. That is to say, all that goes on within the school is part of the pupil’s life.
It includes, among other things, the relationship between pupils and teachers, pupils and pupils both in and outside the school. J. S. Mill (1931) opined that whatever helps to shape the human being, to make the individual what he is or hinder him from being what he is not, is part of his education. Implicitly, education is lifelong and ubiquitous; it is the total of all influences that make a person what he is, from birth to death. It includes the home, our neighbors, and the street.
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Education is, to some extent, a deliberate, planned process devised and conducted by the educator to imbue the learner with certain information, skills, mind, body, and modes of behavior considered desirable. In part, it is the learner’s response to the environment in which he lives. Education has three focal points: the individual/person upon whom the educator’s influences are brought to bear and the society or community to which he belongs.
The whole context of reality within which the individual and society play their part. Man is a social creature; he grows as a person through the impact of personality on personality. Even for his basic physical needs, he depends on the help and cooperation of his fellow men and women. Without society and the mutual support and enrichment of experiences that it provides, civilization is impossible. In Hobbes, man’s life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
One of the fundamental facts of human existence is the tension between the pull of the past and the forward urge into the future, between stability and change, tradition and innovation. For effective living, man needs a circle of security, an area of established habits and relationships that form dependable relationships. This is also true of society. There must be an underlying continuity of traditions and outlook for its effective functioning, which preserves its identity as a society and safeguards it against the disruptive effects of change. Change must be for life and not static; society’s basic traditions must control this change. It is a tradition that gives a nation its character and distinctiveness as a society. The conservation of tradition, therefore, is crucial.
